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ccr2 inhibition  (MedChemExpress)


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    Structured Review

    MedChemExpress ccr2 inhibition
    Immune regulation and endogenous bone regeneration mechanism investigation. A) Network diagram showing the number of interactions between six subclusters. B) KEGG enrichment analysis of the upregulated DEGs in DIBS group compared to the HA group. C) Circular visualization of related pathway–gene enrichment analysis. D) Heatmap of key gene regulation in specific pathways. E) qRT-PCR validation for key gene expression in specific pathways. F) The interaction networks showing the correlation of representative immunomodulatory genes (CCL2, CCL20, Sfrp1, and Stat3, etc.) with angiogenesis/osteogenesis and macrophage regulation gene sets. G) Flow cytometry analysis and quantification of <t>CCR2</t> F4/80 macrophage in peripheral blood. H) Immunofluorescence staining analysis of macrophage polarization inside scaffolds (one week after intramuscular implantation). I) Macrophage proliferation assay in a CCR2-dependent manner. J and K) Macrophage polarization assay in a CCR2-dependent manner. Data are represented as means ± SD, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; $ p < 0.05 (vs group without inhibitor), $$ p < 0.01 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$ p < 0.001 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$$ p < 0.0001 (vs group without inhibitor). ns, not significant.
    Ccr2 Inhibition, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 12 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "Spatiotemporally programming the immune-osteogenic cascade with a dual-immunomodulatory scaffold for functional bone regeneration"

    Article Title: Spatiotemporally programming the immune-osteogenic cascade with a dual-immunomodulatory scaffold for functional bone regeneration

    Journal: Bioactive Materials

    doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.04.002

    Immune regulation and endogenous bone regeneration mechanism investigation. A) Network diagram showing the number of interactions between six subclusters. B) KEGG enrichment analysis of the upregulated DEGs in DIBS group compared to the HA group. C) Circular visualization of related pathway–gene enrichment analysis. D) Heatmap of key gene regulation in specific pathways. E) qRT-PCR validation for key gene expression in specific pathways. F) The interaction networks showing the correlation of representative immunomodulatory genes (CCL2, CCL20, Sfrp1, and Stat3, etc.) with angiogenesis/osteogenesis and macrophage regulation gene sets. G) Flow cytometry analysis and quantification of CCR2 F4/80 macrophage in peripheral blood. H) Immunofluorescence staining analysis of macrophage polarization inside scaffolds (one week after intramuscular implantation). I) Macrophage proliferation assay in a CCR2-dependent manner. J and K) Macrophage polarization assay in a CCR2-dependent manner. Data are represented as means ± SD, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; $ p < 0.05 (vs group without inhibitor), $$ p < 0.01 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$ p < 0.001 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$$ p < 0.0001 (vs group without inhibitor). ns, not significant.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Immune regulation and endogenous bone regeneration mechanism investigation. A) Network diagram showing the number of interactions between six subclusters. B) KEGG enrichment analysis of the upregulated DEGs in DIBS group compared to the HA group. C) Circular visualization of related pathway–gene enrichment analysis. D) Heatmap of key gene regulation in specific pathways. E) qRT-PCR validation for key gene expression in specific pathways. F) The interaction networks showing the correlation of representative immunomodulatory genes (CCL2, CCL20, Sfrp1, and Stat3, etc.) with angiogenesis/osteogenesis and macrophage regulation gene sets. G) Flow cytometry analysis and quantification of CCR2 F4/80 macrophage in peripheral blood. H) Immunofluorescence staining analysis of macrophage polarization inside scaffolds (one week after intramuscular implantation). I) Macrophage proliferation assay in a CCR2-dependent manner. J and K) Macrophage polarization assay in a CCR2-dependent manner. Data are represented as means ± SD, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; $ p < 0.05 (vs group without inhibitor), $$ p < 0.01 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$ p < 0.001 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$$ p < 0.0001 (vs group without inhibitor). ns, not significant.

    Techniques Used: Quantitative RT-PCR, Biomarker Discovery, Gene Expression, Flow Cytometry, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Proliferation Assay

    Revascularization and osteogenesis are reinforced by M2 macrophage activation via the CCL2/CCR2 pathway. A and B) HUVECs and BMSCs proliferation assay under M2 macrophage activation. Created with BioRender.com . C) Migration assay and quantification of HUVECs. D) Tube formation assay and quantification of HUVECs. E and F) Early and later osteogenic differentiation of BMSC influenced by macrophage-induced microenvironment. Data are represented as means ± SD, ∗ p < 0.05 (vs Control), ∗∗ p < 0.01 (vs Control), ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 (vs Control), ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001 (vs Control); $ p < 0.05 (vs group without inhibitor), $$ p < 0.01 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$ p < 0.001 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$$ p < 0.0001 (vs group without inhibitor). ns, not significant.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Revascularization and osteogenesis are reinforced by M2 macrophage activation via the CCL2/CCR2 pathway. A and B) HUVECs and BMSCs proliferation assay under M2 macrophage activation. Created with BioRender.com . C) Migration assay and quantification of HUVECs. D) Tube formation assay and quantification of HUVECs. E and F) Early and later osteogenic differentiation of BMSC influenced by macrophage-induced microenvironment. Data are represented as means ± SD, ∗ p < 0.05 (vs Control), ∗∗ p < 0.01 (vs Control), ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 (vs Control), ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001 (vs Control); $ p < 0.05 (vs group without inhibitor), $$ p < 0.01 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$ p < 0.001 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$$ p < 0.0001 (vs group without inhibitor). ns, not significant.

    Techniques Used: Activation Assay, Proliferation Assay, Migration, Tube Formation Assay, Control

    Related Articles

    Inhibition:

    Article Title: Spatiotemporally programming the immune-osteogenic cascade with a dual-immunomodulatory scaffold for functional bone regeneration
    Article Snippet: .. Throughout the experimental period, sustained CCR2 inhibition was achieved via daily intraperitoneal injections (2 mg/kg) of the highly selective CCR2 inhibitor RS504393 (Cat. No. HY-15418, MCE). .. Before each administration, RS504393 (10 mM stock) was diluted in sterile corn oil (Cat. No. HY-Y1888, MCE) to the target concentration.

    Article Title: Aging promotes a RAGE-dependent increase in breast cancer metastasis
    Article Snippet: .. Where indicated, inhibitors were added directly to both upper and lower chambers at the time of plating: 1 μM TTP488 (MedChemExpress) for RAGE inhibition, 25 μM Paquinimod (Cayman Chemicals) for S100A8/9 blockade, 10 μM BX471 (MedChemExpress) for CCR1 inhibition, or 10 μM BMS-CCR2-22 (MedChemExpress) for CCR2 inhibition. ..

    Article Title: Monocyte-derived macrophages promote intraepithelial infiltration of effector memory CD8 + T cells in tumors regressing after STING agonist treatment
    Article Snippet: .. In the experiments with CCR2 inhibition, the antagonist (ref. RS504393 from MedChem Express) was added in 2 ml at the final concentration of 1 μM during this incubation time and the slices were rinsed before the staining step. ..

    Concentration Assay:

    Article Title: Monocyte-derived macrophages promote intraepithelial infiltration of effector memory CD8 + T cells in tumors regressing after STING agonist treatment
    Article Snippet: .. In the experiments with CCR2 inhibition, the antagonist (ref. RS504393 from MedChem Express) was added in 2 ml at the final concentration of 1 μM during this incubation time and the slices were rinsed before the staining step. ..

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Monocyte-derived macrophages promote intraepithelial infiltration of effector memory CD8 + T cells in tumors regressing after STING agonist treatment
    Article Snippet: .. In the experiments with CCR2 inhibition, the antagonist (ref. RS504393 from MedChem Express) was added in 2 ml at the final concentration of 1 μM during this incubation time and the slices were rinsed before the staining step. ..

    Staining:

    Article Title: Monocyte-derived macrophages promote intraepithelial infiltration of effector memory CD8 + T cells in tumors regressing after STING agonist treatment
    Article Snippet: .. In the experiments with CCR2 inhibition, the antagonist (ref. RS504393 from MedChem Express) was added in 2 ml at the final concentration of 1 μM during this incubation time and the slices were rinsed before the staining step. ..



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    Image Search Results


    Immune regulation and endogenous bone regeneration mechanism investigation. A) Network diagram showing the number of interactions between six subclusters. B) KEGG enrichment analysis of the upregulated DEGs in DIBS group compared to the HA group. C) Circular visualization of related pathway–gene enrichment analysis. D) Heatmap of key gene regulation in specific pathways. E) qRT-PCR validation for key gene expression in specific pathways. F) The interaction networks showing the correlation of representative immunomodulatory genes (CCL2, CCL20, Sfrp1, and Stat3, etc.) with angiogenesis/osteogenesis and macrophage regulation gene sets. G) Flow cytometry analysis and quantification of CCR2 F4/80 macrophage in peripheral blood. H) Immunofluorescence staining analysis of macrophage polarization inside scaffolds (one week after intramuscular implantation). I) Macrophage proliferation assay in a CCR2-dependent manner. J and K) Macrophage polarization assay in a CCR2-dependent manner. Data are represented as means ± SD, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; $ p < 0.05 (vs group without inhibitor), $$ p < 0.01 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$ p < 0.001 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$$ p < 0.0001 (vs group without inhibitor). ns, not significant.

    Journal: Bioactive Materials

    Article Title: Spatiotemporally programming the immune-osteogenic cascade with a dual-immunomodulatory scaffold for functional bone regeneration

    doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.04.002

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Immune regulation and endogenous bone regeneration mechanism investigation. A) Network diagram showing the number of interactions between six subclusters. B) KEGG enrichment analysis of the upregulated DEGs in DIBS group compared to the HA group. C) Circular visualization of related pathway–gene enrichment analysis. D) Heatmap of key gene regulation in specific pathways. E) qRT-PCR validation for key gene expression in specific pathways. F) The interaction networks showing the correlation of representative immunomodulatory genes (CCL2, CCL20, Sfrp1, and Stat3, etc.) with angiogenesis/osteogenesis and macrophage regulation gene sets. G) Flow cytometry analysis and quantification of CCR2 F4/80 macrophage in peripheral blood. H) Immunofluorescence staining analysis of macrophage polarization inside scaffolds (one week after intramuscular implantation). I) Macrophage proliferation assay in a CCR2-dependent manner. J and K) Macrophage polarization assay in a CCR2-dependent manner. Data are represented as means ± SD, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; $ p < 0.05 (vs group without inhibitor), $$ p < 0.01 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$ p < 0.001 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$$ p < 0.0001 (vs group without inhibitor). ns, not significant.

    Article Snippet: Throughout the experimental period, sustained CCR2 inhibition was achieved via daily intraperitoneal injections (2 mg/kg) of the highly selective CCR2 inhibitor RS504393 (Cat. No. HY-15418, MCE).

    Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Biomarker Discovery, Gene Expression, Flow Cytometry, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Proliferation Assay

    Revascularization and osteogenesis are reinforced by M2 macrophage activation via the CCL2/CCR2 pathway. A and B) HUVECs and BMSCs proliferation assay under M2 macrophage activation. Created with BioRender.com . C) Migration assay and quantification of HUVECs. D) Tube formation assay and quantification of HUVECs. E and F) Early and later osteogenic differentiation of BMSC influenced by macrophage-induced microenvironment. Data are represented as means ± SD, ∗ p < 0.05 (vs Control), ∗∗ p < 0.01 (vs Control), ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 (vs Control), ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001 (vs Control); $ p < 0.05 (vs group without inhibitor), $$ p < 0.01 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$ p < 0.001 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$$ p < 0.0001 (vs group without inhibitor). ns, not significant.

    Journal: Bioactive Materials

    Article Title: Spatiotemporally programming the immune-osteogenic cascade with a dual-immunomodulatory scaffold for functional bone regeneration

    doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.04.002

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Revascularization and osteogenesis are reinforced by M2 macrophage activation via the CCL2/CCR2 pathway. A and B) HUVECs and BMSCs proliferation assay under M2 macrophage activation. Created with BioRender.com . C) Migration assay and quantification of HUVECs. D) Tube formation assay and quantification of HUVECs. E and F) Early and later osteogenic differentiation of BMSC influenced by macrophage-induced microenvironment. Data are represented as means ± SD, ∗ p < 0.05 (vs Control), ∗∗ p < 0.01 (vs Control), ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 (vs Control), ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001 (vs Control); $ p < 0.05 (vs group without inhibitor), $$ p < 0.01 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$ p < 0.001 (vs group without inhibitor), $$$$ p < 0.0001 (vs group without inhibitor). ns, not significant.

    Article Snippet: Throughout the experimental period, sustained CCR2 inhibition was achieved via daily intraperitoneal injections (2 mg/kg) of the highly selective CCR2 inhibitor RS504393 (Cat. No. HY-15418, MCE).

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Proliferation Assay, Migration, Tube Formation Assay, Control

    Fig. 1. CCR2 is required for efficient SFTSV infection in cells. (A to C) RT-qPCR (A), flow cytometry (B), and Western blot (C) analysis of SFTSV infection at 24 hours after infection in CCR2- or ATF6-knockdown THP-1 cells. n = 6. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (D) RT-qPCR analysis of virus RNA in CCR2-KO THP-1 cells inoculated with four phylogenetically distinct SFTSV strains, including HBMC16, HNXY2017-50, HNXY2017-66, and WCH, for 24 hours. n = 4. (E) Multistep growth curves of four SFTSV strains in CCR2-KO THP-1 cells. n = 4. (F) Surface expression of CCR2 on BMDMs from CCR2−/−and WT C57BL/6J mice. A representative of three replicates is shown. (G and H) Statistical results (G) and scanned images (H) of the immunological focus assay of SFTSV titers at 24 hours after infection in BMDMs with deletions in CCR2. n = 6. (I) Microscopy of BMDMs immunostained for F4/80, SFTSV NP, and DAPI at 24 hours after infection. (J) SFTSV infection rates at 24 hours after infection determined by flow cytometry analysis in Huh7, HeLa, and Jurkat cells overexpressing CCR2A or CCR2B. n = 6. (K) Representative flow plot of SFTSV infection in Huh7 cells. (L) Supernatant viral titers measured by immunological focus assay in Huh7, HeLa, and Jurkat cells overexpressing CCR2A or CCR2B. n = 6. Two-tailed Student’s t test was performed for comparison of variables between two groups [(A), (B), (D), and (G)]. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was per- formed for comparison of variables among three groups [(J) and (K)].

    Journal: Science advances

    Article Title: CCR2 is a host entry receptor for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.

    doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6856

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. CCR2 is required for efficient SFTSV infection in cells. (A to C) RT-qPCR (A), flow cytometry (B), and Western blot (C) analysis of SFTSV infection at 24 hours after infection in CCR2- or ATF6-knockdown THP-1 cells. n = 6. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (D) RT-qPCR analysis of virus RNA in CCR2-KO THP-1 cells inoculated with four phylogenetically distinct SFTSV strains, including HBMC16, HNXY2017-50, HNXY2017-66, and WCH, for 24 hours. n = 4. (E) Multistep growth curves of four SFTSV strains in CCR2-KO THP-1 cells. n = 4. (F) Surface expression of CCR2 on BMDMs from CCR2−/−and WT C57BL/6J mice. A representative of three replicates is shown. (G and H) Statistical results (G) and scanned images (H) of the immunological focus assay of SFTSV titers at 24 hours after infection in BMDMs with deletions in CCR2. n = 6. (I) Microscopy of BMDMs immunostained for F4/80, SFTSV NP, and DAPI at 24 hours after infection. (J) SFTSV infection rates at 24 hours after infection determined by flow cytometry analysis in Huh7, HeLa, and Jurkat cells overexpressing CCR2A or CCR2B. n = 6. (K) Representative flow plot of SFTSV infection in Huh7 cells. (L) Supernatant viral titers measured by immunological focus assay in Huh7, HeLa, and Jurkat cells overexpressing CCR2A or CCR2B. n = 6. Two-tailed Student’s t test was performed for comparison of variables between two groups [(A), (B), (D), and (G)]. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was per- formed for comparison of variables among three groups [(J) and (K)].

    Article Snippet: CCR2 antagonist and anti-human CCR2 antibody inhibition assays THP-1 and Huh7 cells were pretreated with serial concentrations of two CCR2 antagonists, CCR2 antagonist RS102895 hydrochloride (MedChemExpress, catalog no. 1173022-16-6) and CCR2 antagonist 1 (MedChemExpress, catalog no. 1683534-96-4), and an antihuman CCR2 antibody (BioLegend, catalog no. 357202) or IgG isotype control (BioLegend, catalog no. 400201).

    Techniques: Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot, Knockdown, Virus, Expressing, Microscopy, Two Tailed Test, Comparison

    Fig. 2. Effect of CCR2 inhibitor and antibody on SFTSV infection in cells. (A to F) Effects of CCR2 antagonist RS102895 and CCR2 antagonist 1 on SFTSV infection in THP-1 (A) to (C) and Huh7 cells (D) to (F). At 24 hours after infection, relative vRNA levels were measured via RT-qPCR [(A), (B), (D), and (E), n = 3], and relative intracellular SFTSV NP levels were measured by Western blotting (C) and (F). Cell viability was measured using CCK-8 [(D) and (E), n = 3]. (G to I) Effects of CCR2 antibody on SFTSV infection in THP-1 cells. The dose-dependent inhibitory effects of the CCR2 antibody were analyzed by detecting virus loads in THP-1 cells at 24 hours after infection [(G), n = 6]. SFTSV infection rates were measured at 24 hours after infection with MOIs of 1 and 5 [(H), n = 6]. Representative flow plot of SFTSV infection in THP-1 cells treated with anti-human CCR2 or isotype control antibody (I). Two-tailed Student’s t test was performed for comparison of variables between two groups [(A), (B), (D), (E), (G), and (H)]. R2 [(A), (B), (D), and (E)] was estimated by a nonlinear regression model (curve fit).

    Journal: Science advances

    Article Title: CCR2 is a host entry receptor for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.

    doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6856

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. Effect of CCR2 inhibitor and antibody on SFTSV infection in cells. (A to F) Effects of CCR2 antagonist RS102895 and CCR2 antagonist 1 on SFTSV infection in THP-1 (A) to (C) and Huh7 cells (D) to (F). At 24 hours after infection, relative vRNA levels were measured via RT-qPCR [(A), (B), (D), and (E), n = 3], and relative intracellular SFTSV NP levels were measured by Western blotting (C) and (F). Cell viability was measured using CCK-8 [(D) and (E), n = 3]. (G to I) Effects of CCR2 antibody on SFTSV infection in THP-1 cells. The dose-dependent inhibitory effects of the CCR2 antibody were analyzed by detecting virus loads in THP-1 cells at 24 hours after infection [(G), n = 6]. SFTSV infection rates were measured at 24 hours after infection with MOIs of 1 and 5 [(H), n = 6]. Representative flow plot of SFTSV infection in THP-1 cells treated with anti-human CCR2 or isotype control antibody (I). Two-tailed Student’s t test was performed for comparison of variables between two groups [(A), (B), (D), (E), (G), and (H)]. R2 [(A), (B), (D), and (E)] was estimated by a nonlinear regression model (curve fit).

    Article Snippet: CCR2 antagonist and anti-human CCR2 antibody inhibition assays THP-1 and Huh7 cells were pretreated with serial concentrations of two CCR2 antagonists, CCR2 antagonist RS102895 hydrochloride (MedChemExpress, catalog no. 1173022-16-6) and CCR2 antagonist 1 (MedChemExpress, catalog no. 1683534-96-4), and an antihuman CCR2 antibody (BioLegend, catalog no. 357202) or IgG isotype control (BioLegend, catalog no. 400201).

    Techniques: Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, CCK-8 Assay, Virus, Control, Two Tailed Test, Comparison

    Fig. 3. CCR2 mediates SFTSV binding and internalization. (A and B) Effects of CCR2 deletions on the internalization (A) and binding (B) of SFTSV in BMDMs. Relative vRNA levels were measured via RT-qPCR. n = 6. (C) Fluorescence microscopy analysis of the effects of CCR2 deletions on the binding of SFTSV. BMDMs were immunos- tained with F4/80 (green), SFTSV NP (red), and DAPI. A representative of three replicates is shown. (D and E) SFTSV binding assay in CCR2-KO (KO) THP-1 cells by using RT- qPCR (D) and immunofluorescence staining (E). n = 4. Cellular membranes were labeled with WGA. (F) Flow cytometry analysis of SFTSV infection at 2 hours after infection in Huh7, HeLa, and Jurkat cells overexpressing CCR2A or CCR2B. n = 6. (G to I) Effects of the CCR2 antagonist RS102895 (G), CCR2 antagonist 1 (H), and favipiravir (I) on the binding and internalization of SFTSV in THP-1 cells. n = 3. (J) Binding assay of HRTV, RVFV, and AMRV for control and CCR2-KO THP-1 cells. n = 3. (K and L) Effects of CCR2 antagonist RS102895 (K) and CCR2 antagonist 1 (L) on the binding of HRTV, RVFV, and AMRV in THP-1 cells. n = 3. Two-tailed Student’s t test was performed for comparison of variables between two groups [(A), (B), (D), and (J)]. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was performed for comparison of variables among three groups [(F) to (I), (K), and (L)]. ns, no significance; p.i., post-infection.

    Journal: Science advances

    Article Title: CCR2 is a host entry receptor for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.

    doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6856

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. CCR2 mediates SFTSV binding and internalization. (A and B) Effects of CCR2 deletions on the internalization (A) and binding (B) of SFTSV in BMDMs. Relative vRNA levels were measured via RT-qPCR. n = 6. (C) Fluorescence microscopy analysis of the effects of CCR2 deletions on the binding of SFTSV. BMDMs were immunos- tained with F4/80 (green), SFTSV NP (red), and DAPI. A representative of three replicates is shown. (D and E) SFTSV binding assay in CCR2-KO (KO) THP-1 cells by using RT- qPCR (D) and immunofluorescence staining (E). n = 4. Cellular membranes were labeled with WGA. (F) Flow cytometry analysis of SFTSV infection at 2 hours after infection in Huh7, HeLa, and Jurkat cells overexpressing CCR2A or CCR2B. n = 6. (G to I) Effects of the CCR2 antagonist RS102895 (G), CCR2 antagonist 1 (H), and favipiravir (I) on the binding and internalization of SFTSV in THP-1 cells. n = 3. (J) Binding assay of HRTV, RVFV, and AMRV for control and CCR2-KO THP-1 cells. n = 3. (K and L) Effects of CCR2 antagonist RS102895 (K) and CCR2 antagonist 1 (L) on the binding of HRTV, RVFV, and AMRV in THP-1 cells. n = 3. Two-tailed Student’s t test was performed for comparison of variables between two groups [(A), (B), (D), and (J)]. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was performed for comparison of variables among three groups [(F) to (I), (K), and (L)]. ns, no significance; p.i., post-infection.

    Article Snippet: CCR2 antagonist and anti-human CCR2 antibody inhibition assays THP-1 and Huh7 cells were pretreated with serial concentrations of two CCR2 antagonists, CCR2 antagonist RS102895 hydrochloride (MedChemExpress, catalog no. 1173022-16-6) and CCR2 antagonist 1 (MedChemExpress, catalog no. 1683534-96-4), and an antihuman CCR2 antibody (BioLegend, catalog no. 357202) or IgG isotype control (BioLegend, catalog no. 400201).

    Techniques: Binding Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Labeling, Flow Cytometry, Infection, Control, Two Tailed Test, Comparison

    Fig. 4. The CCR2 N-terminal extracellular domain mediates SFTSV binding to cells. (A) Coimmunoprecipitation of co-overex- pressed Gn-strep protein and CCR2-flag proteins in HEK293T cells using strep-tag binding beads or anti-Flag antibody beads. Vector-flag, GFP-flag, and SCARB1-flag pro- teins were used as negative controls. (B to D) Effect of CCR2 overexpression on the in- fectivity of SFTSV in Huh7 (B), HeLa (C), and Jurkat (D) cells. SFTSV infection rates were measured at 24 hours after infection by flow cytometry analysis in control-, CCR2A-, CCR2B-, CCR2A-ΔN–, and CCR2B-ΔN–over- expressing cells. N = 6. (E) Surface expres- sion of CCR2 and representative flow plot of SFTSV infection in Jurkat cells. (F and G) Effect of the CCR2 N-terminal extracellular domain on the infectivity of SFTSV in HeLa (F) and Jurkat (G) cells. SFTSV infection rates were measured at 24 hours after infection by flow cytometry in control-, CCR2A-, CCR2A-N14Q–, CCR2A-Y26F–, CCR2B-, CCR2B-N14Q–, and CCR2B-Y26F–overex- pressing cells. n = 6. (H) Binding of CCR2 N- terminal–derived Y26 sulfated peptide (p2), peptide without tyrosine sulfation at Y26 (p1), or the scrambled peptide to SFTSV virions determined by PRM assay. Statistical analysis is shown in the left panel, and PRM transitions are shown in the right panel. (I and J) Effect of CCR2 N-terminal–derived peptides on the infectivity of SFTSV in THP-1 cells. Relative intracellular vRNA levels and supernatant viral titers were measured at 24 hours after infection via RT-qPCR. n = 4. (K) Effect of CCR2 N-terminal–derived peptides on the binding of SFTSV in THP-1 cells. Rel- ative levels of bound virions were measured via RT-qPCR. n = 4. One-way ANOVA fol- lowed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was performed for comparison of variables among three groups [(B) to (D) and (F) to (K)].

    Journal: Science advances

    Article Title: CCR2 is a host entry receptor for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.

    doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6856

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. The CCR2 N-terminal extracellular domain mediates SFTSV binding to cells. (A) Coimmunoprecipitation of co-overex- pressed Gn-strep protein and CCR2-flag proteins in HEK293T cells using strep-tag binding beads or anti-Flag antibody beads. Vector-flag, GFP-flag, and SCARB1-flag pro- teins were used as negative controls. (B to D) Effect of CCR2 overexpression on the in- fectivity of SFTSV in Huh7 (B), HeLa (C), and Jurkat (D) cells. SFTSV infection rates were measured at 24 hours after infection by flow cytometry analysis in control-, CCR2A-, CCR2B-, CCR2A-ΔN–, and CCR2B-ΔN–over- expressing cells. N = 6. (E) Surface expres- sion of CCR2 and representative flow plot of SFTSV infection in Jurkat cells. (F and G) Effect of the CCR2 N-terminal extracellular domain on the infectivity of SFTSV in HeLa (F) and Jurkat (G) cells. SFTSV infection rates were measured at 24 hours after infection by flow cytometry in control-, CCR2A-, CCR2A-N14Q–, CCR2A-Y26F–, CCR2B-, CCR2B-N14Q–, and CCR2B-Y26F–overex- pressing cells. n = 6. (H) Binding of CCR2 N- terminal–derived Y26 sulfated peptide (p2), peptide without tyrosine sulfation at Y26 (p1), or the scrambled peptide to SFTSV virions determined by PRM assay. Statistical analysis is shown in the left panel, and PRM transitions are shown in the right panel. (I and J) Effect of CCR2 N-terminal–derived peptides on the infectivity of SFTSV in THP-1 cells. Relative intracellular vRNA levels and supernatant viral titers were measured at 24 hours after infection via RT-qPCR. n = 4. (K) Effect of CCR2 N-terminal–derived peptides on the binding of SFTSV in THP-1 cells. Rel- ative levels of bound virions were measured via RT-qPCR. n = 4. One-way ANOVA fol- lowed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was performed for comparison of variables among three groups [(B) to (D) and (F) to (K)].

    Article Snippet: CCR2 antagonist and anti-human CCR2 antibody inhibition assays THP-1 and Huh7 cells were pretreated with serial concentrations of two CCR2 antagonists, CCR2 antagonist RS102895 hydrochloride (MedChemExpress, catalog no. 1173022-16-6) and CCR2 antagonist 1 (MedChemExpress, catalog no. 1683534-96-4), and an antihuman CCR2 antibody (BioLegend, catalog no. 357202) or IgG isotype control (BioLegend, catalog no. 400201).

    Techniques: Binding Assay, Strep-tag, Plasmid Preparation, Over Expression, Infection, Flow Cytometry, Control, Expressing, Derivative Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Comparison

    Fig. 5. CCR2 contributes to SFTSV pathogenesis in mouse models. (A) Serum and spleen viral titers in SFTSV-infected CCR2−/−and WT C57BL/6J mice (four for each group) tested by immunological focus assay at 3 and 5 dpi. (B and C) Survival probability (B) and relative body weight (C) in anti-IFNAR1 antibody–pretreated CCR2−/−(n = 11) and WT (n = 11) C57BL/6J mice after intraperitoneal infection with SFTSV. (D) Viral titers in serum, spleen, liver, and lung samples from anti-IFNAR1 antibody–pre- treated CCR2−/−and WT C57BL/6J mice (four for each group) tested by immunological focus assay at 3 and 5 dpi. (E and F) Representative images of spleen, liver, and lung sections collected at 5 dpi from control and SFTSV-challenged CCR2−/−and WT C57BL/6J mice stained with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against SFTSV NP (E) or with hematoxylin and eosin (F). (G) Viral titers in serum from anti-IFNAR1 antibody–pretreated C57BL/6J mice tested by immunological focus assay at 3 (n = 13 for each group) and 5 (n = 10 for nontreated group and n = 13 for treated group) dpi. (H) Survival probability in anti-IFNAR1 antibody–pretreated C57BL/6J mice with SFTSV infection in the absence (n = 13) or presence (n = 13) of CCR2 antagonist RS102895 and without SFTSV infection (n = 5). Two-tailed Student’s t test was performed for comparison of variables between two groups [(A), (B), (D), and (G)]. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze time-to-event data [(C) and (H)].

    Journal: Science advances

    Article Title: CCR2 is a host entry receptor for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.

    doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6856

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. CCR2 contributes to SFTSV pathogenesis in mouse models. (A) Serum and spleen viral titers in SFTSV-infected CCR2−/−and WT C57BL/6J mice (four for each group) tested by immunological focus assay at 3 and 5 dpi. (B and C) Survival probability (B) and relative body weight (C) in anti-IFNAR1 antibody–pretreated CCR2−/−(n = 11) and WT (n = 11) C57BL/6J mice after intraperitoneal infection with SFTSV. (D) Viral titers in serum, spleen, liver, and lung samples from anti-IFNAR1 antibody–pre- treated CCR2−/−and WT C57BL/6J mice (four for each group) tested by immunological focus assay at 3 and 5 dpi. (E and F) Representative images of spleen, liver, and lung sections collected at 5 dpi from control and SFTSV-challenged CCR2−/−and WT C57BL/6J mice stained with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against SFTSV NP (E) or with hematoxylin and eosin (F). (G) Viral titers in serum from anti-IFNAR1 antibody–pretreated C57BL/6J mice tested by immunological focus assay at 3 (n = 13 for each group) and 5 (n = 10 for nontreated group and n = 13 for treated group) dpi. (H) Survival probability in anti-IFNAR1 antibody–pretreated C57BL/6J mice with SFTSV infection in the absence (n = 13) or presence (n = 13) of CCR2 antagonist RS102895 and without SFTSV infection (n = 5). Two-tailed Student’s t test was performed for comparison of variables between two groups [(A), (B), (D), and (G)]. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze time-to-event data [(C) and (H)].

    Article Snippet: CCR2 antagonist and anti-human CCR2 antibody inhibition assays THP-1 and Huh7 cells were pretreated with serial concentrations of two CCR2 antagonists, CCR2 antagonist RS102895 hydrochloride (MedChemExpress, catalog no. 1173022-16-6) and CCR2 antagonist 1 (MedChemExpress, catalog no. 1683534-96-4), and an antihuman CCR2 antibody (BioLegend, catalog no. 357202) or IgG isotype control (BioLegend, catalog no. 400201).

    Techniques: Infection, Control, Staining, Two Tailed Test, Comparison

    Fig. 6. CCR2 contributes to SFTSV infectivity in primary human monocytes. (A and B) Comparisons of surface CCR2 expression levels on primary human mono- cytes (left) and the ability of SFTS binding (right) between donors aged <60 (n = 10) and ≥60 (n = 10) years old (A), as well as between healthy donors (n = 8) and donors with DM (n = 8) (B). MFI, mean fluorescent intensity. (C) Association of surface CCR2 expression level on primary human monocytes with virus binding ability or with the age of donors (n = 20). Ra 2 indicates the correlation between the CCR2 expression level and individual age, and Rb 2 indicates the correlation between the CCR2 expression level and the binding ability of SFTSV. (D) Associa- tion of surface CCR2 expression level on primary human monocytes with the peak viral load in serum that was consecutively collected from SFTS patients (n = 45) during the clinical course. Two-tailed Student’s t test was performed for compar- ison of variables between two groups [(A) and (B)]. R2 [(C) and (D)] was estimated by a linear regression model. HC, healthy control; DM, diabetes mellitus; CT, cycle threshold.

    Journal: Science advances

    Article Title: CCR2 is a host entry receptor for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.

    doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6856

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. CCR2 contributes to SFTSV infectivity in primary human monocytes. (A and B) Comparisons of surface CCR2 expression levels on primary human mono- cytes (left) and the ability of SFTS binding (right) between donors aged <60 (n = 10) and ≥60 (n = 10) years old (A), as well as between healthy donors (n = 8) and donors with DM (n = 8) (B). MFI, mean fluorescent intensity. (C) Association of surface CCR2 expression level on primary human monocytes with virus binding ability or with the age of donors (n = 20). Ra 2 indicates the correlation between the CCR2 expression level and individual age, and Rb 2 indicates the correlation between the CCR2 expression level and the binding ability of SFTSV. (D) Associa- tion of surface CCR2 expression level on primary human monocytes with the peak viral load in serum that was consecutively collected from SFTS patients (n = 45) during the clinical course. Two-tailed Student’s t test was performed for compar- ison of variables between two groups [(A) and (B)]. R2 [(C) and (D)] was estimated by a linear regression model. HC, healthy control; DM, diabetes mellitus; CT, cycle threshold.

    Article Snippet: CCR2 antagonist and anti-human CCR2 antibody inhibition assays THP-1 and Huh7 cells were pretreated with serial concentrations of two CCR2 antagonists, CCR2 antagonist RS102895 hydrochloride (MedChemExpress, catalog no. 1173022-16-6) and CCR2 antagonist 1 (MedChemExpress, catalog no. 1683534-96-4), and an antihuman CCR2 antibody (BioLegend, catalog no. 357202) or IgG isotype control (BioLegend, catalog no. 400201).

    Techniques: Infection, Expressing, Binding Assay, Virus, Two Tailed Test, Control

    A The subpopulations of CD11b + CD64 + macrophages in the skin of SSc mice were analyzed and classified by flow cytometry according to the expression of Ly6C. B Flow cytometry analysis of CD11b + (CD64 + ) Ly6C + macrophages in MSCs-IT-treated or untreated mice on day 30. n = 5 mice for each group. C Flow cytometry analysis of CD11b + CD64 + Ly6C - macrophages in MSCs-IT-treated or untreated mice on day 30. n = 5 mice for each group. D CCR2 expression among CD64 + Ly6C + macrophages and CD64 + Ly6C - macrophages from BLM-treated or untreated mice was analyzed by flow cytometry. n = 5–6 mice for each group. NEG, negative. E Experimental design of the BLM-induced SSc mouse model, Bindarit treatment, and MSC-IT treatment. Mice were euthanized and examined on day 30. n = 5–6 mice for each group. F H&E staining of the skin sections. The distance between the two yellow lines was assessed. Scale bars, 200 μm. G Sirius Red staining of the skin sections. The distance between two black dotted lines was assessed. Scale bars, 200 μm. H Immunofluorescence staining of α-SMA (red) in the skin sections. The percentage of α-SMA + area was assessed. Scale bars, 200 μm. Data were shown as means ± SEM. Data are representative of two or three experiments with similar results. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; ns not significant.

    Journal: Cell Death Discovery

    Article Title: Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate systemic sclerosis by inhibiting the recruitment of pathogenic macrophages

    doi: 10.1038/s41420-022-01264-2

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A The subpopulations of CD11b + CD64 + macrophages in the skin of SSc mice were analyzed and classified by flow cytometry according to the expression of Ly6C. B Flow cytometry analysis of CD11b + (CD64 + ) Ly6C + macrophages in MSCs-IT-treated or untreated mice on day 30. n = 5 mice for each group. C Flow cytometry analysis of CD11b + CD64 + Ly6C - macrophages in MSCs-IT-treated or untreated mice on day 30. n = 5 mice for each group. D CCR2 expression among CD64 + Ly6C + macrophages and CD64 + Ly6C - macrophages from BLM-treated or untreated mice was analyzed by flow cytometry. n = 5–6 mice for each group. NEG, negative. E Experimental design of the BLM-induced SSc mouse model, Bindarit treatment, and MSC-IT treatment. Mice were euthanized and examined on day 30. n = 5–6 mice for each group. F H&E staining of the skin sections. The distance between the two yellow lines was assessed. Scale bars, 200 μm. G Sirius Red staining of the skin sections. The distance between two black dotted lines was assessed. Scale bars, 200 μm. H Immunofluorescence staining of α-SMA (red) in the skin sections. The percentage of α-SMA + area was assessed. Scale bars, 200 μm. Data were shown as means ± SEM. Data are representative of two or three experiments with similar results. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; ns not significant.

    Article Snippet: In the CCR2 inhibition experiment, 10 mg/kg Bindarit (1493694-70-4, Selleck, TX, USA) dissolved in 2% DMSO/30% PEG300/68% ddH 2 O or DMSO was i.p. administered daily to SSc model for 4 weeks starting from day 0.

    Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Staining, Immunofluorescence

    Fibroblasts and macrophages generated substantial CCL2 during BLM-induced SSc to attract peripheral monocytes into skin lesions. These monocytes transform into CCR2 hi -maturing macrophages, which can stimulate the production of extracellular matrix from fibroblasts and promote skin fibrosis. The infused MSCs-IT inhibited CCL2 generation from fibroblasts and macrophages, thus alleviating BLM-induced SSc.

    Journal: Cell Death Discovery

    Article Title: Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate systemic sclerosis by inhibiting the recruitment of pathogenic macrophages

    doi: 10.1038/s41420-022-01264-2

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fibroblasts and macrophages generated substantial CCL2 during BLM-induced SSc to attract peripheral monocytes into skin lesions. These monocytes transform into CCR2 hi -maturing macrophages, which can stimulate the production of extracellular matrix from fibroblasts and promote skin fibrosis. The infused MSCs-IT inhibited CCL2 generation from fibroblasts and macrophages, thus alleviating BLM-induced SSc.

    Article Snippet: In the CCR2 inhibition experiment, 10 mg/kg Bindarit (1493694-70-4, Selleck, TX, USA) dissolved in 2% DMSO/30% PEG300/68% ddH 2 O or DMSO was i.p. administered daily to SSc model for 4 weeks starting from day 0.

    Techniques: Generated